In integrated steel production, the units that produce the most pollution and cost the most money are the coke ovens and the sintering plants. Direct reduction is a different method of producing iron that has been created as an alternative path to solve some of the challenges that are presented by conventional blast furnaces. DRI may be successfully produced in many different regions of the world using either technology based on natural gas or technology based on coal. 
Iron that has not been cooled after being discharged from the reduction furnace is referred to as Hot Direct Reduced Iron (HDRI). This iron is then directly delivered to an electric arc furnace that is waiting to be charged, which results in a savings of energy. Iron ore can be pelletized for use in the direct reduction process, or natural “lump” ore can be used instead. The fluidized bed method is an exception to this rule because it makes use of and requires sized iron ore particles. Only a few types of ores are good candidates for direct reduction. Because the technique of direct reduction allows for the utilization of natural gas that has been tainted with inert gases, there is no requirement to separate these gases in order to put them to other uses. The effect (quality) of that gas stream, as well as the process’s overall thermal efficiency, are, however, negatively impacted by the presence of any inert gas that may have contaminated the reducing gas. In regions such as Northern Australia, supplies of powdered ore and raw natural gas are both available, which eliminates the need for transporting the gas and the associated expenditures. Because it is more cost effective to ship the ore rather than the gas, the DRI plant is typically situated in close proximity to a source of natural gas. 
Direct-reduced iron is an essential component of the steel industry and India is the world’s leading producer of this form of iron. In a great number of other countries, versions of the method are utilized to produce iron for the domestic engineering sector. Problems Iron that has been directly reduced is extremely prone to oxidation and rusting if it is not adequately protected, which is why it is typically processed further into steel as soon as possible. The pyrophoric nature of the bulk iron means that it can also catch fire. Wrought iron can be created from sponge iron, which is useless on its own but can be treated into wrought iron. After the sponge has been withdrawn from the bloomery (another name for the furnace), it is subjected to repeated beatings with heavy hammers and folding over in order to remove any slag, oxidize any carbon or carbide, and weld the iron together.
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